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Immuno-oncology: Combination Therapies and Emerging Targets

 

The study of and creation of therapies that use the immune system of the body to combat cancer are known as immuno-oncology. Our immune system, which is made up of a complex web of organs, cells, and molecules, guards us against external invaders like bacteria, fungus, and viruses that might infect us. The immune system is capable of locating and eliminating foreign objects as well as attacking aberrant cells.

The immune system has the best chance of specifically destroying tumours without harming healthy tissue and having long-term memory that can stop cancer from coming back. The development of tumours can be permanently prevented or managed by a mechanism known as immunosurveillance, according to research in immuno-oncology conducted over the past 30 years. Recognition of tumour antigens is what gives the immune response its tumour specificity.

The most well-established therapeutic class of IO drugs to date, immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating a variety of cancers. For the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical cancer with pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck), as well as for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma with atezolizumab (Tecentriq, Roche), biomarker testing for the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint target has been developed and is now required.

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